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His Descent & Family:
He is sheikh Ahmed Bin sheikh Zain Ad-deen Bin sheikh Ibrahim Bin
Saqir Bin Ibrahim Bin Dagher Bin Ramadan Bin Rashid Bin Daheem Bin
Shamroukh Al Saqir Al Qhurashi Al Ehsaiee Al Mutairfi is one of the
famous scientists and great religious men.
His grand fathers settled the desert near Al Ehsaa, “Dagher” the
fourth grand father and his father Ramadan fought with each other
whereas Dagher emigrated with his family to Al Mutairfi village and
lived there for along time until he rised many children and grand
children. His family descended from “Saqir” the grand father and the
head of Al Mahasheer group. He was from Bani Khaled tribe who
descended of Tuhama tribe to Khuraish which considered as a noble
Arabic tribe.
His Birth & Rise:
He had born in “Al Mutairfi” village which is one of “Al Ehsaa”
villages on (Rajab 1166 A. H). He was raised there under the care of
his father Sheikh Zain Al Deen , he was genius since the beginning
of his childhood whereas he remembers all the incidents that
happened when he was two years old .He completed reading Qoran when
he was five years old and started in studying Syntax before the age
of teenage.
His Teachers & Some of his
Degrees:
1- Sayed Mohammad Mahdi Al Tabtabai Bahr Al Auloom.The date of his
degree in (1209) A . H . as he said : ,His Excellency sheikh Ahmed
Bin Zain Ad-deen Al Ehsaiee was lucky; he has a great position and
considered one of the elite religious scientists and experts.Then he
said: I replied him as soon as possible in achieving his degree when
I felt in his devoutness, nobility and highness . I asked Allah to
grant him the good fortune and achieve to him whatever he wishes.
2- Sheikh Ja`afar Kashifulghetaa Al Najafi . The date of his degree
in (1209) A. H. He said : “ The great and generous Sheikh Ahmed Bin
zain Ad-den presented some of papers indicated some descriptions of
(Tabsourat Al Mutaalumeen) book for sheikh Ayatollah Fi Al
Alameen,and classified a dissertation that has a reliable and
supported opinion , I admired this classification which included
particular investigation , appeared the higher position of its
classifier and force me to grant him this degree.
3- Sayed Ali Al Tabtabai author of (Al Riyadh): His degree is
dateless, he said (It’s a great chance to me when I met his
Excellency sheikh Ahmed Bin Zain Ad-deen Al Ehsaie the generous ,
clear headed scientist who has higher position in science ,
devoutness and certainty.
4- Sayed Mirza Mahdi Al Shahrastani, the date of his degree was in
(1209) A. H .he said (.. the dignified sheikh , noble chief, polite
man and generous scientist, his Excellency the supported sheikh
Ahmed Al Ehsaie who was reared in religious environment asked me to
grant him a degree) until he said : (he was a qualified for this
degree therefore I granted it for him soon) .
5- Sheikh Hussein Al Asfour Al Bahrani, the date of his degree was
in (1214) A. H . He said (In fact Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zain Ad-deen Al
Ehsaie was a qualified to grant pupils degrees, because of his good
and right behaviors, so I granted him his degree).
6- Sheikh Ahmed Bin Sheikh Hassan Al Damastani Al Bahrani. The date
of his degree (1205) A.H. (…, the dear and glorious boy Sheikh Ahmed
Bin Zain Ad-deen Al Ehsaei Al Mutairfi asked me to give him the
permission to obtain the degree as usual. I asked Allah for proper
guidance , and gave him the permission to narrate instead of me
everything classified by our religious scientists - mercy be upon
them - in Arabic Sciences, Literature, Linguistics, Jurisprudence
and Information Science).
The degrees of these six teachers that granted for Sheikh Ahmed Al
Ehsaei were printed through ( biography of sheikh Ahmed Al Ehsaie)
book which written by Sheikh Abdullah the son of sheikh Ahmed, and
reprinted separately in Al Najaf city in (1390) A.H. Al Tahrani
mentioned in ( Althareia) : ( That the total of issued degrees of
Sheikh Ahmed by his teachers were collected in one volume consisted
of ten thousands verses, this volume held by the writer of “ Al Naul
Al Hadera” book.
His pupils & some of his
Defenders :
Sheikh Al Ehsaie was the best one who taught Philosophy for a long
time , he had flourishing religious schools(Hawza) in Karbala,
Najaf, Basra and other of Iraqi towns .In Qazween , Yazd , Tehran ,
Asfahan, Karmanshah and others of Iranian towns . In Ehsa, Bahrain
and others of gulf towns .He deserved a high position in this field
to the extent that when he traveled to any religious town all
researches and lessons are held up because of the leaving of its
audience to attend his lesson. A big number of honest religious
scientists were graduated by him, and he has a lot of pupils whose
deserved a high degree in religious studies.
His most important pupils:
1- Sayed Kathem Bin Al Sayed Qasim Al Husseini Al Rushti Al Haeri.
2- Mirza Hassan Bin Ali who known as (Kawhar).
3- Mawla Muhammad Bin Al Hussein known as (Hujat Al Islam) Al
mamqani Al Tabrizi, father of the writer who wrote
(Saheefatulabrar).
These three persons - I mean :Saied Al Rashti , Mirza (Kawhar) and
(Hujatulislam ) were the close pupils to him who published his
sciences ideas and defended him after his death.
4- Sayed Abdullah Bin Al Sayed Muhammad Ridha Shubar Al Husseini.
5- Sheikh Muhammad Al Abdul-Jabbar Al Qatifi .
6- Sayed Muhsein Bin Al Sayed Hassan Al A-araji Al Husseini Al
Kathimi.
7- Sayed Abu Al Hassan Bin Al Hussein Al Tankabni Al Qazwini .
8- Mawla Kathim Bin Ali Naqi Al Samnani who described (Alfawaed)
book.
9- Sheikh Muhammad Hamza Kalaei, who described (Sharh Al Aurashiea)
book.
10- Mirza Abdul Wahab Al Shareef Bin Muhammad Ali Al Qazwini
11- Sheikh Abu Al Hassan Bin Ibrahim Al Yazdi.
12- Sheikh Ahmed Bin Sheikh Saleh Bin Touq Al Qatifi.
And others, along with Sheikh Ahmed’s sons were of them: (Sheikh
Muhammad Taqi, Sheikh Ali Naqi, Sheikh Abdullah, Sheikh Hassan).
Some of those who narrate on
behalf of him :
Many of great religious scientists narrated on behalf of Sheikh Al
Ehsaie , all of them were of the most famous religious scientists in
his era, few of them were from his earlier pupils :
1- Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Al Najafi, the author of ( Al jawaher)
book.
2- Sheikh Asadullah Bin Ismaeil Al Tustari Al Kathimi Al Ansari.
3- Mirza Muhammad Taqi Al Nori.
4- Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim Al Kalbasi, the author of (Al Isharat)
book.
5- Sheikh Murtadha Al Ansari, the author of Al Makaseb Wa Al
Rasaeil).
His Books:
He left a huge number of books and studies in different kinds of
sciences and knowledges, he wrote in many branches of literature
such as grammar , morphology, rhetoric, linguistics, logic, poetics
and others. In Mathematics such as Arithmetic, Geometry and
Astronomy. In Jurisprudence with its roots, Sciences of Holy Koran &
Hadith, Morals, History, Medicine, Unusual Sciences as Divination,
Chemistry and others. Many authors form a bibliography specialized
in titles of these books for example :
1- Al Tahqiq Fi Madrasat Al Awhad written By Ayatollah Mirza Abdul
rasoul Al Hairi Al Ihqaqi _mercy be upon him- , he mentioned nearly
to (173) book , with simple explanation to it’s contents and
resources.
2- Fahrasat Tasanif Al Sheikh Al Awhad Al Ehsaei by Riad Taher , its
related to the bibliography of his printed books . which reached to
“104 book”
some of what mentioned to in this book: (The total of what produced
by Sheikh Ahmed from dissertations, books , speeches and poems
reached to “154”.
3- “Fahrast Kotob Sheikh Ahmed Al Ehsaei Wa Sair Al Mashaeikh Al
Etham “ By Sheikh Abu Al Kasim Al Karamani, a huge Persian book
printed in “Karman” In Iran .The book reports that: (The total of
Sheikh Ahmed Traces reached “ 115”dissertations ,”5” speeches and
one paper included in 31 volumes .”11” volumes of them were lost.
Most famous books were:
1- Hayat Al Nafs Fi Hadhrat Al Qodds (explaining principles of
Islam).
2- Sharh Al Ziyara Al Jameia Al Kabeera in four volumes.
3- Sharh Al Fawaed (explaining knowledge of prophet’s Mohammad
family
4- Sharh Ala Alarashia and Al Mashaeir , by Mullah Sadrualdeen Al
Sheerazi 5- Sharh Ala Al resala Al Almia by Mullah Mohsen Al Faidh
Al Kashani
6- Serat Al Yakeen Fi Sharh Tabserat Al Mutaalumin By Al Alama Al
Hili
7- Aujala Fi Asrar Tajweed Al Koran (explaining principles of
reading Koran).
8- Tafsir Surat Al Tawhid Wa Ayat Al noor (Interpretation of Holy
Koran).
9- Resalat Al Esma and Resalat Al Rajea.
10- Hakekat Al Roya Wa Aksamha, and, Wasael Al Humam Alaulya Fi
Masael Al Ruea.
11- Poems Divan called ( Al Ithna Ausharia ) or ( Nashid Al Awali)
12- Al Kashkool, in four volumes , ordered alphabetically. He
gathered some of his papers under the title of (Jawamea Al Kalam)
printed in Iran on the stone in two grand volumes, the first one
includes “40” papers approximately and second one includes “52”
papers
His Travels :
His first travel was from ( Alehsa) to Iraq in (1186) A.H. when he
was twenty years old. He continued to move between Karbala & Najaf
to attend lessons of the famous people of his age. After spreading
of plague in Iraq he returned to his country (AlMutairfi). In Al
Ehsa and got married there. After a period of time he moved to Al
Hufoof city the capital of Al Ehsa and stayed there for a long time.
He immigrated to Bahrain with his family in (1208). A. H. and lived
there for four years .
In (1212) A. H. he returned to the holy places in Iraq , after
finishing his visit he lived in Basra and moved to many villages
there. In (1212)A. H. he visited Holy Najaf and all the holy places
there with some of his friends .Then he decided to visit Imam Ridha
(pbuh) so he passed by (Yazd) city on his way. All the people there
admired him and asked him to stay with them, but he refused their
request and promised them that after his return of visiting .When he
came back to (Yazd) he paid attention to the people there, so they
loved him too much .After spreading his great fame, Sultan Fatih Ali
Shah Al Kajari heard about him and invited him to Tehran but he
refused this invitation ,however Shah insisted on his request,
therefore he accepted it. When he came back from Imam Ridha he went
to Tehran in a huge cortege and stayed in Al Sultan Fath Ali Shah
palace .After his residence in Tehran for many years, Shah gave him
the choice to choose any city in Iran to live in, then he chose
(Yazd) in (1224) A.H. He lived there more than five years, he was
occupied in teaching and publishing Sciences of prophet Mohammad
family. He decided leaving Yazd to The Holy Places in Baghdad after
his second visit to Imam Rida but the people there were unhappy when
he left them. In (1230) A.H. his cortege passed Isfahan city .After
forty days he went to (Karmanshah),there he met (Mohammad Ali Mirza
Bin sultan Fatih Ali Shah )who asked him for staying with them and
insisted on his request but Sheikh Ahmed promised him to come back
when finishing his visit to Imam in Iraq.Then he returned to
(Karmanshah) to stay three years and came back to Iraq through this
period .In 1232) A. H. he went to Pilgrimage to the first time then
he came back to Iraq and went to Karmanshah again to live many
years, through this years he visited Iraq many times.Karmanshah
vanished after death of its ruler Mohammad Ali Mirza so, Sheikh
Ahmed left to (Qazween), (Tehran), (Shah AbdulAtheem) and visited
Imam Ridha in Khurassan. He traveled to (Tabs), (Asfahan) after a
period of time then he returned to Karmanshah again.
Finally, he decided to neighbor Imams in Iraq, therefore he traveled
Karbala to live there. Strong clashes happened between him and some
religious scientists of Al Hayer Al Hussaini because of what he
faced of accusations but a good number of other religious scientists
and people were supporting him. However he thought a big trouble
will happened among believers therefore he decided to emigrate to
Karbala for good and then he left to Mecca after he appointed his
pupil Sayed Kathim Al Rashti as a representative.
His Death & Burial:
He was (75) years when he was in his final travel to the Holy Mosque
with his two sons Sheikh Ali, Sheikh Abdul Allah ,the rest of his
family, pupils and friends. In his path he was attacked by illness
and died in a place called (Hadya) near the Holy Medina on Thursday
or Sunday (22 Thulqida 1241) A.H.
His body moved to (Holy Medina) prepared by his son Sheikh Ali Naki
who prayed for him and buried him in (Al Baqeea) behind braves of
Imams (pbut) and opposite to Sadness House, the house of Lady Fatima
Al Zahra Daughter of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).All believers felt
sorrowful when they knew his death and his pupils with his lovers
put up the condolence ceremonies for him around the Islamic World.
Translator :
MONA
ABDUL RASOUL ALAMEER
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